Photolysis of Formic Acid

The Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, in Taiwan are studying the roaming dynamics and conformational memory in photolysis of formic acid. They use an M4i.4410-x8, 130 MS/s, 16 bit, Digitizer for data acquisition in their Time-resolved Fourier-transform Infrared Emission Spectroscopy system. A research paper on the topic can be found below

Biomedical Laser Spectroscopy

At the Norwegian University of Science and Technology they are using an eight channel M2p.5946-x4 80 MS/s, 16 bit, digitizer card as part of their studies into biomedical laser spectroscopy. The development of a Mid-Infrared Laser Spectroscopy for Glucose Sensing is discussed here:

OCT - Optical Coherence Tomography

See how fast Spectrum digitizers M2i.2031 and M2i.4022 are used for OCT data acquisition at the University of Sheffield, UK, by clicking here:

MPI in Cancer Research

Learn how Japan's Meiji University is using a high-resolution Spectrum digitizer M2i.4031 for the evaluation of magnetic nanoparticle samples in cancer research with time correlation magnetic particle imaging (MPI) by clicking here:

Photoacoustic Wavefront Shaping

At London’s St Thomas’ Hospital in the UK, they are working on a high-speed photoacoustic-guided wavefront shaping method, that uses a relatively simple experimental setup, with potential for in vivo applications. Part of the system uses an M4i.4420-x8 250 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer to acquire ultrasonic signals. The full research paper discussing the experimental setup and results can be found here:

Ultrasound Endoscope

The College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, China, is improving the performance of photoacoustic/ultrasound endoscopes. Their research uses an M4i.4420-x8 250 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer as part of dual-modality endoscope. A research paper shows the potential for using the tens-of-micron-resolved PA/US endoscope for in vivo anatomical imaging in the clinical detection of colorectal diseases.

Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment

The University of Leeds and the Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Leeds, U.K. are studying the use of nanobubbles as a drug delivery agent for cancer treatment. A Spectrum M4i.4420-x8, 250 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer is used as the data acquisition card that collect acoustic emission signals. A paper discussing the research can be found here:

Patienst Safety in MRI Process

At the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Germany they are investigating ways to improve the safety for patients with implants who are to be subjected to an MRI process. The PTB is using two M4i.6622-x8 AWG’s and an M4i.4451-x8 digitizer as part of a signal transmission and reception system. A white paper that describes the system and demonstrates how RF induced heating and its mitigation can be achieved is presented here:

Optoacoustic Image Reconstruction

The University of Bern’s Institute of Applied Physics in Switzerland is testing and developing algorithms used for image reconstruction in optoacoustic imaging applications. Test signals are acquired using an M4i.4420-x8, 250 MS/s, 16 bit, digitizer and a research paper discussing their findings can be downloaded from here:

Optoacoustic Microscopy for Dermatologic and Micro-angiography

At Switzerland’s Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Faculty of Medicine, at the University Zurich, they are using a burst-mode laser triggering scheme and an M4i.4420-x8, 250 MS/s, 16 bit, digitizer to perform rapid acquisition functional optoacoustic micro-angiography. A paper discussing the developed system, and how it greatly enhances the performance and usability of optoacoustic microscopy for dermatologic and micro-angiographic studies, can be found here:

Handheld Photoacoustic Microscopy

The MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, at the South China Normal University, in China has developed a Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) pen that can be handheld (performing forward detection and lateral detection) to extend the application of photoacoustic (PA) microscopy to areas such as the oral cavity, throat, cervix, and abdominal viscera. The experimental setup uses an M4i.4450-x8 500 MS/s, 14 bit, digitizer to acquire the sensor signals. A paper discussing the PAI pen and the test results can be found here:

Mid-IR quantum cascade laser for lipid dynamics

At the University of Konstanz a fast high resolution Spectrum M2p.5960-x4 digitizer provides nanosecond time-resolution in an FTIR spectroscopy system that’s used to investigate protein-membrane interactions. See the full details here:

Photoacoustic Imaging

Find out how Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, uses a high speed 16 bit Spectrum digitizer M4i.4420-x8 for Photoacoustic Imaging by clicking here:

Ultrasonic 3D Endoscopic Imaging System

See how the Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, at University College London, UK, use an M4i.4420-x8 high-resolution digitizer in a miniature all optical ultrasonic 3D endoscopic imaging system by clicking here:

Non-Invasive Cancerous Tissue Treatment

Click below to find out how the School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK, are using a Spectrum M4i.4420-x8 high-resolution digitizer, plasmonic gold nanorods and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to improve non-invasive techniques for the treatment of cancerous tissue

Therapeutic Ultrasound Brain Deseases Treamtment

At the Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, researchers are using a Spectrum M4i.4421-x8 16 bit digitizer to study ultrasound propagation in materials that are used to modell the human skull as well as investigating therapeutic ultrasound as a potential means to treat deseases of the brain.

Breast Ultrasound Scanning System

The Laboratory of Acoustical Waveform Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, is developing the Delft Breast Ultrasound Scanning System (DBUS) as a means for detecting the presence of tumors. Find out how they are using the 14 bit M3i.4142 digitizer by following this link:

Real-Time 2D Ultrasound Imaging

A video-rate all-optical ultrasound imaging system, where ultrasound is generated and detected using light, has been demonstrated at the Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK. The system uses a Spectrum M4i.4420-x8 high resolution 16 bit digitizer to acquire signals from a broadband photodiode. Details on how the system enables real-time, video-rate 2D ultrasound imaging, at a frame rate of 15 Hz, can be found here:

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

In Rehovot, Israel at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, they are using the M2p.6541-x4 40 MS/s, 16-bit AWG and M2p.5923-x4 20 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer cards for signal generation and acquisition in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). A white paper that discusses flexible STEM, with simultaneous phase and depth contrast, is available here

Fluorescence Imaging Flow Cytometry System

Lnk The Department of Chemistry at the University of Tokyo, Japan, is using a 1.25 GS/s M4i.2212-x8 Digitizer as part of a frequency-division-multiplexed fluorescence imaging flow cytometry system. The aim is to allow accurate characterization and classification of a large population of microalgal cells with single-cell resolution for diverse applications such as water treatment, biofuel production, food, and nitrogen-fixing biofertilization. Details of their research can be found here:

Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy

The School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan is using a 5 GS/s M4i.2230-x8 Digitizer to achieve optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy with sub-micron lateral resolution for visualization of cells and their structures. Details and results of their experimental setup can be found here:

Fluorescence Lifetime Estimation

At Tokushima University in Japan they are performing fluorescence lifetime estimation by 1-bit photon autocorrelation procedure from time-series data recorded using a high-speed M4i.2220-x8 digitizer. The application details can be found here:

Acoustic-Resolution-based Photoacoustic Microscope (ARPAM)

At the Central South University in Changsha, China, they are using an M4i.2233-x8 high speed digitizer in an improved acoustic-resolution-based photoacoustic microscope (ARPAM) that helps to resolve the conflict between lateral resolution and depth of field. The article is available here:

3 Megapixel Ultrasonic Microscope

The University of Helsinki, Finland, has developed a 3 Megapixel Ultrasonic Microscope using a Spectrum M4i.6631-x8 AWG for signal transmission and an M4i.2233-x8 digitizer for data acquisition. IEEE members can download the full article here:

Laser-scanning Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Laser-scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy is a relatively new and important tool for biomedical research. At the University of Tokyo they are able to demonstrate confocal fluorescence microscopy at a record high frame rate of 16,000 frames/s thanks to new research and the use of a Spectrum M4i.2212-x8 high-speed digitizer. Click below to read the full story.

Nanopore Analysis

At the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, China, they are using a Spectrum M4x.6621-x4 AWG as a precision waveform generator for their research into a Fourier Transform Induced Data Process for Label-free Selective Nanopore Analysis under Sinusoidal Voltage Excitations. A research paper with supplementary documentation showing the experimental setup is available here:

High-Speed Single-Pixel Imaging

At the Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, in Japan, they can obtain fluorescence images from biological cells using high-speed single-pixel imaging. The method integrates frequency-division multiplexing and time-division multiplexing and applies the combined technique, namely frequency-time-division multiplexing (FTDM), to optical imaging. Signal acquisition includes the use of an M4i.2212-x8 1.25 GS/s, 8-bit PCIe Digitizer, and a white paper on the topic can be found here:

Target Tracking

Target tracking has applications in various field, such as biomedical, computer or robotic vision and non-line-of-light motion sensing. At the University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei, China they have developed a single-pixel imaging technique that can measure zero-order and first-order geometric moments. The information is then used to reconstruct and track the centroid of a fast-moving object in real time. At the core of the system is an M4i.2212-x8 1.25 GS/s, 8-bit PCIe Digitizer that acquires photodiode signals. This allows back-scattered intensity information from the target to be determined. A white paper discussing the research can be found here

Stable Cavitation Activity of circulating Microbubbles

At the School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, in China they are using a closed-loop feedback controller, based on pulse length (PL), regulation method to improve the temporal stability of stable cavitation (SC) activity. The aim is to achieve controllable and desirable SC activity in target regions for improved therapeutic efficiency and biosafety. A research paper showing the improvements obtained can be found here 7 The setup uses an M4i.4410-x8 130 MS/s, 16-bit PCIe Digitizer to determine the acoustic emission properties of the circulating microbubbles. The digitizer acquires signals produced by a transducer and passes the data at high speed to a computer for subsequent processing.

Daughter- and Microbubble Studies

Inertial cavitation (IC) of the preformed microbubbles is being investigated for ultrasound imaging and therapeutic applications. However, microbubbles rupture during IC, creating smaller daughter bubbles (DBs), which may cause undesired bioeffects in the target region. The School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, in China, is researching the properties of the daughter bubbles with the aim of achieving controllable cavitation activity. A research paper on the topic can be found here  with the experimental setup using an M4i.4410-x8 130 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer to acquire the relevant transducer signals

High-Order Pulse-Echo Ultrasound

The Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland they are researching ways to improve scanning acoustic microscopy by introducing high order reflection pulse-echo (HOPE)-ultrasound. HOPE is a novel method that leverages high order reflections to improve on several aspects of conventional ultrasound imaging. A research paper on the HOPE development, which uses an M4i.4420-x8 250 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer, to acquire the related transducer signals, can be found here

All-Optical Ultrasound Imaging

All-optical ultrasound (AOUS) imaging, uses light to both generate and detect ultrasound, and is an emerging alternative to conventional electronic ultrasound imaging. At the Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom, they've developed the first AOUS system with a flexible, handheld imaging probe, which represents a critical step towards clinical translation. White papers describing the research, which uses the M4i.4420-x8, 250 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer for signal acquisition, are available here:

• White Paper 1
• White Paper 2

Ageing Dementia Research

At the Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, in Australia they are studying possible ways to treat Alzheimer's disease using scanning ultrasound. A paper discussing the research, which uses an M4i.4421-x8 250 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer for signal acquisition, can be found here:

Laser Control for OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)

The Technische University, at Eindhoven in the Netherlands, has developed a control strategy, that includes the use of an AWG (model M2p.6566-x4 125 MS/s, 16-bit) as the signal source, for a monolithically integrated widely tuneable laser system on InP for optical coherence tomography. A white paper discussing the development is available here:

Cavity ring-down Spectroscopy

The Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, China is using an M2p.5941-x4, 80 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer as part of their research into the development of a CNN-assisted mid-infrared high-sensitivity exhaled ammonia sensor based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy. A reference paper on the work is available below:

3D Photoacoustic Imaging

The School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China have developed a technique for compressed single-shot 3D photoacoustic imaging with a single-element transducer. They setup uses an M2p.5961-x4 125 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer to collect the transducer signals as outlined in the reference paper below

Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) for Biomedical Applications

At the School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, in Japan they are researching photoacoustic imaging (PAI) for biomedical applications. The team has created a testbed setup that can accurately measure photoacoustic signals within an intracellular aqueous environment, avoiding risks of the contamination and degradation of the acoustic transducer. Using and M4i.2230-x8 5 GS/s, 8-bit digitizer for acquiring photoacoustic signals coming from an ultrasound transducer in an optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) system. A white paper on the setup can be found below.

Testing Fibre-Optic Ulstrasound Sensor

The University College London, in the United Kingdom, has fabricated a fibre-optic ultrasound sensor that does not contain an optically or mechanically resonant sensing element, but instead comprises a simple deformable and reflective structure at its tip, suitable for use in biomedical imaging, metrology and non-destructive testing applications. To test sensor performance an M4i.4420-x8 250 MS/s, 16-bit, Digitizer was used to collect signals from a fibre-optic Fabry-Pérot 126 detector. The sensor performance and test results are discussed in a paper below.

OpUS system combining concurrent Optical Ultrasound and CT Imaging

The University College London, in the United Kingdom, has created a system that allows concurrent Optical Ultrasound and CT Imaging. Using a new free-hand optical ultrasound (OpUS) imaging system the paper linked below discusses the methodology and results. An M4i.4420-x8 250 MS/s, 16-bit digitizer was used to acquire the optical ultrasound signals.

Miniatur Needle Ultrasound Sensot for Optoacoustic Microscopy

At the University of Zurich in Switzerland they have developed a highly sensitive miniature needle ultrasound sensor for optoacoustic microscopy. The optoacoustic signals were acquired using an M4i.4420-x8 250 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer and the results are discussed in a research paper below.

Photoacoustic Opthalmoscopy and OCT Images

The Nanyang Technological University in Singapore has combined visible light photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy and near-infrared-II optical coherence tomography to make multimodal imaging of the mouse eye. An M4i.4420-x8 250 MS/s, 16-bit Digitizer is used to acquire data for photoacoustic imaging with the results discussed in a white papers below.

Photoacoustic Brain Imaging System

A Mid-infrared photoacoustic brain imaging system that uses cascaded gas2 filled hollow-core fiber lasers and an M4i.4421-x8 250 MS/s, 16-bit, Digitizer has been developed at the Technical University of Denmark. A reference paper discussing the work can be found below

Brain Neural Interfaces with biodegradable Optical Fibers

At the Technical University of Denmark they are researching biodegradable optical fibers for use as brain neural interfaces. For photoacoustic imaging (PAM) they are using an M4i.4421-x8 250 MS/s, 16-bit, Digitizer to acquire the photoacoustic signals, transferring the collected data to computer for analysis and visualization using the MATLAB suite. A white paper discussing the research and results can be found below

Real-Time Examination of the Microvascular System

The Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China has developed a method for real-time examination of the microvascular system based on the three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system. The aim is to prevent arterial complications, especially vascular embolism, during hyaluronic acid (HA) injections. Photoacoustic signals generated by the laser in the system are acquired by an M4i.4450-x8 500 MS/s, 14-bit, Digitizer. A paper discussing the process and results can be found below

4D Ultrasound Image of Brain Hemodynamics

At Erasmus MC in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, they are performing four-dimensional computational ultrasound imaging of brain hemodynamics. To acquire the ultrasound signals an M4i.4450-x8 500 MS/s, 14-bit Digitizer is used. The system design and results are discussed in a research paper below